"Tommy Carmichael" References

Links provided when available free and online. Full story in The Paris Review available here.

Adams, Ken. Always Bet on the Butcher: Warren Nelson and Casino Gaming. University of Nevada Oral History, 1994.

Benston, Liz. "Regulators Probe iGames' Ties With Slot Cheat." The Las Vegas Sun, Sept. 22, 2003.

Carmichael, Tommy. "Anti-cheating device for a gaming machine." Patent, 2001. Available on Google Patents.

"Clever Cheats Regularly Dupe Casinos Out of Money." Knight Ridder News Service, May 16, 2004.

"Eight Accused in Million Dollar Slot Machine Scam." The Associated Press, July 23, 1999.

Ewing, Bob. "Going Gambling?: Get Your Diapers First." Digital Journal, May 11, 2007.

Farrell, Ronald A. and Carole Chase. The Black Book and the Mob: The Untold Story of the Control of Nevada's Casinos. University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.

"Gambling Regulators Blacklist Slots Hotshot." The Associated Press, March 2, 2003.

Goldman, Adam. "Master Cheat: He Bilked Casinos for Years with Ingenious Slot Machine Gadgets; Now He Wants to Protect His Prey." The Associated Press, Aug. 12, 2003.

Lears, Jackson. Something for Nothing: Luck in America. Viking, 2003.

Reith, Gerda. The Age of Chance: Gambling in Western Culture. Psychology Press, 2002.

Schwartz, David G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham Books, 2006.

Scripps, Oliver Staley. "Criminals Find New Ways to Cheat Slots." The Cincinnati Post, 2004.

"Slot Scoundreal." Breaking Vegas, The History Channel. Written by Peter Fruchtman and directed by Ted Schillinger. Script provided to the author by Ted Schillinger.

Smith, Kim. "Four Plead Not Guilty in Slot Scam." The Las Vegas Sun, August 3, 1999.

"The Passion of the Heist: Slot Cheat and Thief Dick Charlesworth Lifts the Lid on a Life of Crime." Available on Vimeo.

"The Top and Bottom Joint." Cheating Vegas. Available on YouTube.

Tommy Carmichael Obituary, February 1, 2019. Available at Stanley's Funeral Home.

Turdean, Cristina. "Casinos and the Digitization of the Slot Machine, 1950-1989." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 2011.

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